Daftar Kaisar Jepang

Kaisar Jepang
天皇
Kekaisaran
Sedang berkuasa
Naruhito
sejak 1 Mei 2019
Perincian
Sapaan resmiBaginda (Heika, 陛下)
Penguasa pertamaKaisar Jimmu
Pembentukan660 SM
KediamanIstana Kekaisaran Tokyo
sebagai kediaman resmi
Situs webBadan Rumah Tangga Kekaisaran

Berikut daftar kaisar Jepang, satu-satunya negara modern yang kepala negaranya adalah seorang kaisar.

Daftar kaisar

No. Potret Nama pribadi Nama anumerta Pemerintahan dan nama era[1][2][i] Rincian kehidupan
0010 1 Hikohohodemi
彦火火出見 		Kaisar Jimmu
神武天皇 		660–585 SM
(75 tahun) 		721 or 711–585 SM
(126 atau 136 tahun)
Son of kami Ugayafukiaezu. Claimed descent from the sun goddess, Amaterasu. Defeated Nagasunehiko in the Eastern Expedition to become Kaisar. Presumed legendary.[4]
0020 2 Kamununakawamimi
神渟名川耳 		Kaisar Suizei
綏靖天皇 		581–549 SM
(32 tahun) 		632–549 SM
(83 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Jimmu. Presumed legendary.[5]
0030 3 Shikitsuhikotamatemi
磯城津彦玉手看 		Kaisar Annei
安寧天皇 		549–511 SM
(37 tahun) 		567–511 SM
(56 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Suizei. Presumed legendary.[6]
0040 4 Ōyamatohikosukitomo
大日本彦耜友 		Kaisar Itoku
懿徳天皇 		510–477 SM
(33 tahun) 		553–477 SM
(76 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Annei. Presumed legendary.[7]
0050 5 Mimatsuhikokaeshine
観松彦香殖稲 		Kaisar Kōshō
孝昭天皇 		475–393 SM
(82 tahun) 		506–393 SM
(113 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Itoku. Presumed legendary.[8]
0060 6 Yamatotarashihikokunioshihito
日本足彦国押人 		Kaisar Kōan
孝安天皇 		392–291 SM
(101 tahun) 		427–291 SM
(136 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōshō. Presumed legendary.[9]
0070 7 Ōyamatonekohikofutoni
大日本根子彦太瓊 		Kaisar Kōrei
孝霊天皇 		290–215 SM
(75 tahun) 		342–215 SM
(127 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōan. Presumed legendary.[10]
0080 8 Ōyamatonekohikokunikuru
大日本根子彦国牽 		Kaisar Kōgen
孝元天皇 		214–158 SM
(56 tahun) 		273–158 SM
(115 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōrei. Presumed legendary.[11]
0090 9 Wakayamato Nekohiko Ōbibi
稚日本根子彦大日日 		Kaisar Kaika
開化天皇 		157–98 SM
(59 tahun) 		208–98 SM
(110 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōgen. Presumed legendary.[12]
0100 10 Mimaki
御間城 		Kaisar Sujin
崇神天皇 		97–30 SM
(67 tahun) 		148–30 SM
(118 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kaika. First Kaisar with a direct possibility of existence.[13] Still presumed legendary.[14]
0110 11 Ikume
活目 		Kaisar Suinin
垂仁天皇 		29 SM–M 70
(99 tahun) 		69 SM–M 70
(127 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Sujin. Presumed legendary.[15]
0120 12 Ōtarashihiko
大足彦 		Kaisar Keikō
景行天皇 		71–130
(59 tahun) 		13 SM–M 130
(143 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Suinin. Presumed legendary.[16]
0130 13 Wakatarashihiko
稚足彦 		Kaisar Seimu
成務天皇 		131–190
(59 tahun) 		84–190
(106 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Keikō. Presumed legendary.[17]
0140 14 Tarashinakatsuhiko
足仲彦 		Kaisar Chūai
仲哀天皇 		192–200
(8 tahun) 		149–200
(51 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Keikō; nephew of Kaisar Seimu. First Kaisar to ascend the throne without being the son of the previous Kaisar. Died during a campaign against the Kumaso tribe. Presumed legendary.[18]
0145 – Okinagatarashi
息長帯比売 		Maharani Jingū
神功皇后 		201–269
(68 tahun) 		170–269
(99 tahun)
Wife of Kaisar Chūai; mother and regent of Kaisar Ōjin. Not counted among the officially numbered emperors. Presumed legendary.[19]
0150 15 Homutawake
誉田別 		Kaisar Ōjin
応神天皇 		270–310
(40 tahun) 		201–310
(109 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Chūai and Maharani Jingū. Deified in Shinto and Buddhism in Japan as Hachiman. Presumed legendary.[20]
0160 16 Ohosazaki
大鷦鷯 		Kaisar Nintoku
仁徳天皇 		313–399
(86 tahun) 		290–399
(108–109 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ōjin. Presumed legendary.[21]
0170 17 Ōenoizahowake
大兄去来穂別 		Kaisar Richū
履中天皇 		400–405
(5 tahun) 		336–405
(69 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Nintoku. Presumed legendary.[22]
0180 18 Mizuhawake
瑞歯別 		Kaisar Hanzei
反正天皇 		406–410
(5 tahun) 		352–411
(59 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Nintoku; younger brother of Kaisar Richū. Presumed legendary.[23]
0190 19 Oasatsuma Wakugo no Sukune
雄朝津間稚子宿禰 		Kaisar Ingyō
允恭天皇 		411–453
(42 tahun) 		376–453
(77 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Nintoku; younger brother of Kaisar Richū and Kaisar Hanzei. Presumed legendary.[24]
0200 20 Anaho
穴穂 		Kaisar Ankō
安康天皇 		453–456
(3 tahun) 		401–456
(55 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ingyō. Assassinated by Prince Mayowa. Presumed legendary.[25]
0210 21 Ōhatuse no Wakatakeru
大泊瀬稚武 		Kaisar Yūryaku
雄略天皇 		456–479
(23 tahun) 		418–479
(61 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ingyō; younger brother of Kaisar Ankō. Presumed legendary.[26]
0220 22 Shiraka
白髪 		Kaisar Seinei
清寧天皇 		480–484
(4 tahun) 		444–484
(40 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Yūryaku. Presumed legendary.[27]
0230 23 Woke
弘計 		Kaisar Kenzō
顕宗天皇 		485–487
(2 tahun) 		450–487
(37 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Richū; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Seinei. Presumed legendary.[28]
0240 24 Oke
億計 		Kaisar Ninken
仁賢天皇 		488–498
(10 tahun) 		448–498
(50 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Richū; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Seinei; older brother of Kaisar Kenzō. Presumed legendary.[29]
0250 25 Ohatsuse no Wakasazaki
小泊瀬稚鷦鷯 		Kaisar Buretsu
武烈天皇 		499–506
(7 tahun) 		489–506
(17 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ninken. Presumed legendary.[30]
0260 26 Ohodo[ii]
袁本杼 		Kaisar Keitai
継体天皇 		507–531
(24 tahun) 		450–531
(81 tahun)
5th-generation grandson of Kaisar Ōjin. Became Kaisar at the recommendation of Ōtomo no Kanamura. Possible founder of a new dynasty. Presumed legendary.[31][32]
0270 27 Magari
勾 		Kaisar Ankan
安閑天皇 		534–535
(1 year) 		466–535
(69 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Keitai. Presumed legendary.[33]
0280 28 Hinokuma-no-takata
檜隈高田 		Kaisar Senka
宣化天皇 		536–539
(3 tahun) 		467–539
(72 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Keitai; younger brother of Kaisar Ankan. Presumed legendary.[34]
0290 29 Amekunioshiharakihironiwa
天国排開広庭 		Kaisar Kinmei
欽明天皇 		540–571
(31 tahun) 		509–571
(62 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Keitai; younger brother of Kaisar Ankan and Kaisar Senka. First historically verifiable Kaisar.[35][36]
0300 30 Nunakura no Futotamashiki
渟中倉太珠敷 		Kaisar Bidatsu
敏達天皇 		572–585
(13 tahun) 		538–585
(47 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kinmei.[37]
0310 31 Tachibana no Toyohi
橘豊日 		Kaisar Yōmei
用明天皇 		586–587
(1 year) 		517–587
(70 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kinmei; half-brother of Kaisar Bidatsu.[38]
0320 32 Hatsusebe
泊瀬部 		Kaisar Sushun
崇峻天皇 		588–592
(4 tahun) 		522–592
(70 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kinmei; half-brother of Kaisar Bidatsu and Kaisar Yōmei. Made Kaisar by Soga no Umako following the Soga–Mononobe conflict. Assassinated by Yamatonoaya no Koma on the orders of Soga no Umako.[39]
0330 33 Nukatabe
額田部 		Maharani Suiko
推古天皇 		593–628
(35 tahun) 		554–628
(74 tahun)
Daughter of Kaisar Kinmei; half-sister and wife of Kaisar Bidatsu. First non-legendary female monarch. Prince Shōtoku acted as her regent.[40]
0340 34 Tamura
田村 		Kaisar Jomei
舒明天皇 		629–641
(12 tahun) 		593–641
(48 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Bidatsu; great nephew of Maharani Suiko.[41]
0350 35 Takara
宝 		Maharani Kōgyoku
皇極天皇 		642–645
(3 tahun) 		594–661
(67 tahun)
Great-granddaughter of Kaisar Bidatsu; wife of Kaisar Jomei. First reign. Abdicated as a result of the Isshi incident.[42]
0360 36 Karu
軽 		Kaisar Kōtoku
孝徳天皇 		645–654
(9 tahun)
Taika, Hakuchi 		597–654
(57 tahun)
Great-grandson of Kaisar Bidatsu; younger brother of Maharani Kōgyoku. First era name assigned.[43]
0370 37 Takara
宝 		Maharani Saimei
斉明天皇 		655–661
(6 tahun) 		594–661
(67 tahun)
Older sister of Kaisar Kōtoku. Previously reigned as Maharani Kōgyoku. Second reign.[44]
0380 38 Kazuraki
葛城 		Kaisar Tenji
天智天皇 		662–672
(10 tahun) 		626–672
(46 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Jomei and Maharani Kōgyoku.[45]
0390 39 Ōtomo[iii]
大友 		Kaisar Kōbun
弘文天皇 		672
(8 months) 		648–672
(24 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Tenji. Deposed and committed suicide during the Jinshin War. Not recognized as Kaisar until 1870.[46]
0400 40 Ōama
大海人 		Kaisar Tenmu
天武天皇 		673–686
(14 tahun)
Shuchō 		622–686
(56 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Jomei and Maharani Kōgyoku; younger brother of Kaisar Tenji. Deposed his nephew, Kaisar Kōbun, during the Jinshin War.[47]
0410 41 Unonosarara[iv]
鸕野讚良 		Maharani Jitō
持統天皇 		687–697
(10 tahun)[v] 		646–703
(57 tahun)
Daughter of Kaisar Tenji; niece and wife of Kaisar Tenmu. Abdicated.[49]
0420 42 Karu[vi]
珂瑠 		Kaisar Monmu
文武天皇 		697–707
(10 tahun)
Taihō, Keiun 		683–707
(24 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Tenmu and Maharani Jitō.[50]
0430 43 Ahe[vii]
阿閇 		Maharani Genmei
元明天皇 		707–715
(8 tahun)
Keiun, Wadō 		660–721
(61 tahun)
Daughter of Kaisar Tenji; half-sister of Maharani Jitō; mother of Kaisar Monmu. Abdicated.[51]
0440 44 Hidaka[viii]
氷高 		Maharani Genshō
元正天皇 		715–724
(9 tahun)
Reiki, Yōrō 		681–748
(67 tahun)
Daughter of Maharani Genmei; elder sister of Kaisar Monmu. Only instance of an Maharani regnant inheriting the throne from another Maharani regnant. Abdicated.[52]
0450 45 Obito
首 		Kaisar Shōmu
聖武天皇 		724–749
(25 tahun)
Jinki, Tenpyō, Tenpyō-kanpō 		699–756
(57 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Monmu; nephew of Maharani Genshō. Abdicated.[53]
0460 46 Abe
阿倍 		Maharani Kōken
孝謙天皇 		749–758
(9 tahun)
Tenpyō-kanpō, Tenpyō-shōhō, Tenpyō-hōji 		718–770
(52 tahun)
Daughter of Kaisar Shōmu. First reign. Abdicated.[54]
0470 47 Ōi
大炊 		Kaisar Junnin
淳仁天皇 		758–764
(6 tahun)
Tenpyō-hōji 		733–765
(32 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Tenmu; cousin of Maharani Kōken. Deposed. Posthumously named Kaisar in 1870.[55]
0480 48 Abe
阿倍 		Maharani Shōtoku
称徳天皇 		764–770
(6 tahun)
Tenpyō-hōji, Tenpyō-jingo, Jingo-keiun 		718–770
(52 tahun)
Deposed her cousin, Kaisar Junnin. Previously reigned as Maharani Kōken. Second reign.[56]
0490 49 Shirakabe
白壁 		Kaisar Kōnin
光仁天皇 		770–781
(11 tahun)
Hōki, Ten'ō 		708–782
(73 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Tenji; brother-in-law of Permasuri Shōtoku. Abdicated.[57]
0500 50 Yamabe
山部 		Kaisar Kanmu
桓武天皇 		781–806
(25 tahun)
Ten'ō, Enryaku 		736–806
(70 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōnin.[58]
0510 51 Ate
安殿 		Kaisar Heizei
平城天皇 		806–809
(3 tahun)
Daidō 		773–824
(51 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kanmu. Abdicated.[59]
0520 52 Kamino
神野 		Kaisar Saga
嵯峨天皇 		809–823
(14 tahun)
Daidō, Kōnin 		785–842
(57 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kanmu; younger brother of Kaisar Heizei. Abdicated.[60]
0530 53 Ōtomo
大伴 		Kaisar Junna
淳和天皇 		823–833
(10 tahun)
Kōnin, Tenchō 		786–840
(54 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kanmu; younger brother of Kaisar Heizei and Kaisar Saga. Abdicated.[61]
0540 54 Masara
正良 		Kaisar Ninmyō
仁明天皇 		833–850
(17 tahun)
Tenchō, Jōwa, Kashō 		808–850
(41 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Saga; nephew and adopted son of Kaisar Junna.[62]
0550 55 Michiyasu
道康 		Kaisar Montoku
文徳天皇 		850–858
(8 tahun)
Kashō, Ninju, Saikō, Ten'an 		827–858
(31 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ninmyō.[63]
0560 56 Korehito
惟仁 		Kaisar Seiwa
清和天皇 		858–876
(18 tahun)
Ten'an, Jōgan 		850–881
(30 tahun)
Son of Empereor Montoku. Abdicated.[64]
0570 57 Sadaakira
貞明 		Kaisar Yōzei
陽成天皇 		876–884
(8 tahun)
Jōgan, Gangyō 		869–949
(80 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Seiwa. Deposed by Fujiwara no Mototsune.[65]
0580 58 Tokiyasu
時康 		Kaisar Kōkō
光孝天皇 		884–887
(3 tahun)
Gangyō, Ninna 		830–887
(57 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ninmyō; great uncle of Kaisar Yōzei. Became Kaisar at the recommendation of Fujiwara no Mototsune.[66]
0590 59 Sadami
定省 		Kaisar Uda
宇多天皇 		887–897
(10 tahun)
Ninna, Kanpyō 		866–931
(65 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōkō. Abdicated.[67]
0600 60 Atsuhito[ix]
敦仁 		Kaisar Daigo
醍醐天皇 		897–930
(33 tahun)
Kanpyō, Shōtai, Engi, Enchō 		884–930
(46 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Uda. Abdicated.[68]
0610 61 Yutaakira[x]
寛明 		Kaisar Suzaku
朱雀天皇 		930–946
(16 tahun)
Enchō, Jōhei, Tengyō 		921–952
(30 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Daigo. Abdicated.[69]
0620 62 Nariakira
成明 		Kaisar Murakami
村上天皇 		946–967
(21 tahun)
Tengyō, Tenryaku, Tentoku, Ōwa, Kōhō 		924–967
(42 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Daigo; younger brother of Kaisar Suzaku.[70]
0630 63 Norihara
憲平 		Kaisar Reizei
冷泉天皇 		967–969
(2 tahun)
Kōhō, Anna 		949–1011
(62 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Murakami. Abdicated.[71]
0640 64 Morihira
守平 		Kaisar En'yū
円融天皇 		969–984
(15 tahun)
Anna, Tenroku, Ten'en, Jōgen, Tengen, Eikan 		958–991
(32 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Murakami; younger brother of Kaisar Reizei. Abdicated.[72]
0650 65 Morosada
師貞 		Kaisar Kazan
花山天皇 		984–986
(2 tahun)
Eikan, Kanna 		968–1008
(39 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Reizei; nephew of Kaisar En'yū. Abdicated.[73]
0660 66 Kanehito
懐仁 		Kaisar Ichijō
一条天皇 		986–1011
(25 tahun)
Kanna, Eien, Eiso, Shōryaku, Chōtoku, Chōhō, Kankō 		980–1011
(31 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kaisar En'yū. Abdicated.[74]
0670 67 Okisada[xi]
居貞 		Kaisar Sanjō
三条天皇 		1011–1016
(5 tahun)
Kankō, Chōwa 		975–1017
(42 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Reizei; half-brother of Kaisar Kazan; cousin of Kaisar Ichijō. Abdicated.[75]
0680 68 Atsuhira[xii]
敦成 		Kaisar Go-Ichijō
後一条天皇 		1016–1036
(20 tahun)
Chōwa, Kannin, Jian, Manju, Chōgen 		1008–1036
(27 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ichijō; cousin of Kaisar Sanjō.[76]
0690 69 Atsunaga
敦良 		Kaisar Go-Suzaku
後朱雀天皇 		1036–1045
(9 tahun)
Chōgen, Chōryaku, Chōkyū, Kantoku 		1009–1045
(37 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ichijō; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Ichijō. Abdicated.[77]
0700 70 Chikahito
親仁 		Kaisar Go-Reizei
後冷泉天皇 		1045–1068
(23 tahun)
Kantoku, Eishō, Tengi, Kōhei, Jiryaku 		1025–1068
(42 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Suzaku.[78]
0710 71 Takahito
尊仁 		Kaisar Go-Sanjō
後三条天皇 		1068–1073
(5 tahun)
Jiryaku, Enkyū 		1032–1073
(40 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Suzaku; half-brother of Kaisar Go-Reizei. Abdicated.[79]
0720 72 Sadahito
貞仁 		Kaisar Shirakawa
白河天皇 		1073–1087
(14 tahun)
Enkyū, Jōhō, Jōryaku, Eihō, Ōtoku 		1053–1129
(76 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Sanjō. Abdicated.[80]
0730 73 Taruhito[xiii]
善仁 		Kaisar Horikawa
堀河天皇 		1087–1107
(20 tahun)
Kanji, Kahō, Eichō, Jōtoku, Kōwa, Chōji, Kajō 		1079–1107
(28 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Shirakawa.[81]
0740 74 Munehito
宗仁 		Kaisar Toba
鳥羽天皇 		1107–1123
(16 tahun)
Kajō, Tennin, Ten'ei, Eikyū, Gen'ei, Hōan 		1103–1156
(53 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Horikawa. Forced to abdicate by Kaisar Shirakawa.[82]
0750 75 Akihito
顕仁 		Kaisar Sutoku
崇徳天皇 		1123–1142
(19 tahun)
Hōan, Tenji, Daiji, Tenshō, Chōshō, Hōen, Eiji 		1119–1164
(45 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Toba. Abdicated. Attempted to depose Kaisar Go-Shirakawa during the Hōgen rebellion.[83]
0760 76 Narihito
体仁 		Kaisar Konoe
近衛天皇 		1142–1155
(13 tahun)
Eiji, Kōji, Ten'yō, Kyūan, Ninpei, Kyūju 		1139–1155
(16 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Toba; half-brother of Kaisar Sutoku.[84]
0770 77 Masahito
雅仁 		Kaisar Go-Shirakawa
後白河天皇 		1155–1158
(3 tahun)
Kyūju, Hōgen 		1127–1192
(64 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Toba; younger brother of Kaisar Sutoku; half-brother of Kaisar Konoe. Abdicated.[85]
0780 78 Morihito
守仁 		Kaisar Nijō
二条天皇 		1158–1165
(7 tahun)
Hōgen, Heiji, Eiryaku, Ōhō, Chōkan 		1143–1165
(22 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Shirakawa. Abdicated.[86]
0790 79 Nobuhito[xiv]
順仁 		Kaisar Rokujō
六条天皇 		1165–1168
(3 tahun)
Chōkan, Eiman, Nin'an 		1164–1176
(11 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Nijō. Deposed by Kaisar Go-Shirakawa.[87]
0800 80 Norihito[xv]
憲仁 		Kaisar Takakura
高倉天皇 		1168–1180
(12 tahun)
Nin'an, Kaō, Jōan, Angen, Jishō 		1161–1181
(19 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Shirakawa; half-brother of Kaisar Nijō; uncle of Kaisar Rokujō. Forced to abdicate by Taira no Kiyomori.[88]
0810 81 Tokohito[xvi]
言仁 		Kaisar Antoku
安徳天皇 		1180–1185
(5 tahun)
Jishō, Yōwa, Juei, Genryaku 		1178–1185
(6 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Takakura. Died at the Battle of Dan-no-ura during the Genpei War.[89]
0820 82 Takahira[xvii]
尊成 		Kaisar Go-Toba
後鳥羽天皇 		1183–1198
(15 tahun)
Juei, Genryaku, Bunji, Kenkyū 		1180–1239
(58 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Takakura; half-brother of Kaisar Antoku. Made Kaisar by Kaisar Go-Shirakawa during the Genpei War. Kamakura shogunate turned the Kaisar into a figurehead. Abdicated. Attempted to overthrow the Kamakura shogunate during the Jōkyū War.[90]
0830 83 Tamehito
為仁 		Kaisar Tsuchimikado
土御門天皇 		1198–1210
(12 tahun)
Kenkyū, Shōji, Kennin, Genkyū, Ken'ei, Jōgen 		1196–1231
(35 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Toba. Persuaded by Kaisar Go-Toba to abdicate. Exiled following the Jōkyū War.[91]
0840 84 Morinari
守成 		Kaisar Juntoku
順徳天皇 		1210–1221
(11 tahun)
Jōgen, Kenryaku, Kempo, Jōkyū 		1197–1242
(44 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Toba; half-brother of Kaisar Tsuchimikado. Forced to abdicate following the Jōkyū War.[92]
0850 85 Kanenari
懐成 		Kaisar Chūkyō
仲恭天皇 		1221
(2 months)
Jōkyū 		1218–1234
(15 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Juntoku. Deposed and exiled following the Jōkyū War. Posthumously named Kaisar in 1870.[93]
0860 86 Yutahito[xviii]
茂仁 		Kaisar Go-Horikawa
後堀河天皇 		1221–1232
(11 tahun)
Jōkyū, Jōō, Gennin, Karoku, Antei, Kangi, Jōei 		1212–1234
(22 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Takakura; first cousin of Kaisar Chūkyō. Abdicated.[94]
0870 87 Mitsuhito[xix]
秀仁 		Kaisar Shijō
四条天皇 		1232–1242
(10 tahun)
Jōei, Tenpuku, Bunryaku, Katei, Ryakunin, En'ō, Ninji 		1231–1242
(10 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Horikawa.[95]
0880 88 Kunihito
邦仁 		Kaisar Go-Saga
後嵯峨天皇 		1242–1246
(4 tahun)
Ninji, Kangen 		1220–1272
(51 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Tsuchimikado; second cousin of Kaisar Shijō. Abdicated.[96]
0890 89 Hisahito
久仁 		Kaisar Go-Fukakusa
後深草天皇 		1246–1260
(14 tahun)
Kangen, Hōji, Kenchō, Kōgen, Shōka, Shōgen 		1243–1304
(61 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Saga. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated at the insistence of Kaisar Go-Saga.[97]
0900 90 Tsunehito
恒仁 		Kaisar Kameyama
亀山天皇 		1260–1274
(14 tahun)
Shōgen, Bun'ō, Kōchō, Bun'ei 		1249–1305
(56 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Saga; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Fukakusa. From the Daikakuji line. Abdicated.[98]
0910 91 Yohito
世仁 		Kaisar Go-Uda
後宇多天皇 		1274–1287
(13 tahun)
Bun'ei, Kenji, Kōan 		1267–1324
(56 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kameyama. From the Daikakuji line. Forced to abdicate by Kaisar Go-Fukakusa.[99]
0920 92 Hirohito
熈仁 		Kaisar Fushimi
伏見天皇 		1287–1298
(11 tahun)
Kōan, Shōō, Einin 		1265–1317
(52 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Fukakusa. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated.[100]
0930 93 Tanehito
胤仁 		Kaisar Go-Fushimi
後伏見天皇 		1298–1301
(3 tahun)
Einin, Shōan 		1288–1336
(48 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Forced to abdicate by the Daikakuji line. Traditional dates used.[101]
0940 94 Kuniharu
邦治 		Kaisar Go-Nijō
後二条天皇 		1301–1308
(7 tahun)
Shōan, Kengen, Kagen, Tokuji 		1285–1308
(23 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Uda. From the Daikakuji line.[102]
0950 95 Tomihito
富仁 		Kaisar Hanazono
花園天皇 		1308–1318
(10 tahun)
Enkyō, Ōchō, Shōwa, Bunpō 		1297–1348
(51 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Agreed to alternate control of the throne between the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines.[103]
0960 96 Takaharu
尊治 		Kaisar Go-Daigo
後醍醐天皇 		1318–1339
(21 tahun)
Bunpō, Gen'ō, Genkō (1321–24), Shōchū, Karyaku, Gentoku, Genkō (1331–34), Kenmu, Engen 		1288–1339
(50 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Uda; younger brother of Kaisar Go-Nijō. From the Daikakuji line. Kamakura shogunate ended in the Genkō War. Brief imperial rule during the Kenmu Restoration. Opposed the Ashikaga shogunate. Became the first Kaisar of the Southern Court.[104]
0970 97 Noriyoshi[xx]
義良 		Kaisar Go-Murakami
後村上天皇 		1339–1368
(29 tahun)
Engen, Kōkoku, Shōhei 		1328–1368
(40 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Daigo. Second Kaisar of the Southern Court. Southern Court briefly took the Northern Court's capital, Kyoto, during the Kannō disturbance.[105]
0980 98 Yutanari
寛成 		Kaisar Chōkei
長慶天皇 		1368–1383
(15 tahun)
Shōhei, Kentoku, Bunchū, Tenju, Kōwa 		1343–1394
(51 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Murakami. Third Kaisar of the Southern Court. Abdicated.[106]
0990 99 Hironari
熙成 		Kaisar Go-Kameyama
後亀山天皇 		1383–1392
(9 tahun)
Kōwa, Genchū 		c. 1347–1424
(c. 77 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Murakami; younger brother of Kaisar Chōkei. Fourth and last Kaisar of the Southern Court. Agreed to peace with the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of the Northern Court line.[107]
(1) Kazuhito
量仁 		Kaisar Kōgon
光厳天皇 		1331–1333
(2 tahun)
Gentoku, Shōkyō 		1313–1364
(51 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Fushimi; nephew and adopted son of Kaisar Hanazono. From the Jimyōin line. Made the first Kaisar of the Northern Court by the Kamakura shogunate during the Genkō War. Deposed by Kaisar Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.[108]
(2) Yutahito
豊仁 		Kaisar Kōmyō
光明天皇 		1336–1348
(12 tahun)
Kenmu, Ryakuō, Kōei, Jōwa 		1322–1380
(58 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Fushimi; younger brother of Kaisar Kōgon. Made second Kaisar of the Northern Court by the Ashikaga shogunate. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.[109]
(3) Okihito[xxi]
興仁 		Kaisar Sukō
崇光天皇 		1348–1351
(3 tahun)
Jōwa, Kannō 		1334–1398
(64 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōgon; nephew of Kaisar Kōmyō. Third Kaisar of the Northern Court. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the Kannō disturbance.[110]
(4) Iyahito
彌仁 		Kaisar Go-Kōgon
後光厳天皇 		1352–1371
(19 tahun)
Bunna, Kōan, Jōji, Ōan 		1338–1374
(36 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōgon; younger brother of Kaisar Sukō. Became the fourth Kaisar of the Northern Court after the Kannō disturbance. Abdicated.[111]
(5) Ohito
緒仁 		Kaisar Go-En'yū
後円融天皇 		1371–1382
(11 tahun)
Ōan, Eiwa, Kōryaku, Eitoku 		1359–1393
(34 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Kōgon. Fifth Kaisar of the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of Kaisar Go-Komatsu.[112]
(6) Motohito
幹仁 		Kaisar Go-Komatsu[xxii]
後小松天皇 		1382–1392
(10 tahun)
Eitoku, Shitoku, Kakei, Kōō, Meitoku 		1377–1433
(56 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-En'yū. Sixth and last Kaisar of the Northern Court from 1382 until 1392. Became the legitimate Kaisar following Kaisar Go-Kameyama's abdication. Agreed to alternate control of the throne by the Northern Court and the Southern Court. All emperors after him are from the Northern line.[113][114]
100 1392–1412
(20 tahun)
Meitoku, Ōei
1010 101 Mihito[xxiii]
実仁 		Kaisar Shōkō
称光天皇 		1412–1428
(16 tahun)
Ōei, Shōchō 		1401–1428
(27 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Komatsu.[115]
1020 102 Hikohito
彦仁 		Kaisar Go-Hanazono
後花園天皇 		1428–1464
(36 tahun)
Shōchō, Eikyō, Kakitsu, Bun'an, Hōtoku, Kyōtoku, Kōshō, Chōroku, Kanshō 		1419–1471
(51 tahun)
Great-grandson of Northern Kaisar Sukō; third cousin of Kaisar Shōkō. Abdicated. Traditional dates used.[116]
1030 103 Fusahito
成仁 		Kaisar Go-Tsuchimikado
後土御門天皇 		1464–1500
(36 tahun)
Kanshō, Bunshō, Ōnin, Bunmei, Chōkyō, Entoku, Meiō 		1442–1500
(58 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Hanazono. Ōnin War led to the start of the Sengoku period.[117]
1040 104 Katsuhito
勝仁 		Kaisar Go-Kashiwabara[xxiv]
後柏原天皇 		1500–1526
(26 tahun)
Meiō, Bunki, Daiei 		1462–1526
(64 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Tsuchimikado. Imperial rule in the Ashikaga shogunate reached its lowest point in his reign.[118]
1050 105 Tomohito
知仁 		Kaisar Go-Nara[xxv]
後奈良天皇 		1526–1557
(31 tahun)
Daiei, Kyōroku, Tenbun, Kōji 		1495–1557
(62 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Kashiwabara.[119]
1060 106 Michihito
方仁 		Kaisar Ōgimachi
正親町天皇 		1557–1586
(29 tahun)
Kōji, Eiroku, Genki, Tenshō 		1517–1593
(76 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Nara. Ashikaga shogunate overthrown by Oda Nobunaga. Abdicated.[120]
1070 107 Katahito[xxvi]
周仁 		Kaisar Go-Yōzei
後陽成天皇 		1586–1611
(25 tahun)
Tenshō, Bunroku, Keichō 		1571–1617
(46 tahun)
Grandson of Kaisar Ōgimachi. Tokugawa shogunate established. Sengoku period ended.[121]
1080 108 Kotohito[xxvii]
政仁 		Kaisar Go-Mizunoo[xxviii]
後水尾天皇 		1611–1629
(18 tahun)
Keichō, Genna, Kan'ei 		1596–1680
(84 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Yōzei. Japan implements isolationist policy. Purple Robe Incident led to his abdication.[122]
1090 109 Okiko
興子 		Maharani Meishō
明正天皇 		1629–1643
(14 tahun)
Kan'ei 		1624–1696
(72 tahun)
Daughter of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo. Abdicated.[123]
1100 110 Tsuguhito
紹仁 		Kaisar Go-Kōmyō
後光明天皇 		1643–1654
(11 tahun)
Kan'ei, Shōhō, Keian, Jōō 		1633–1654
(21 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo; younger brother of Maharani Meishō.[124]
1110 111 Nagahito[xxix]
良仁 		Kaisar Go-Sai[xxx]
後西天皇 		1655–1663
(8 tahun)
Jōō, Meireki, Manji, Kanbun 		1638–1685
(47 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Mizunoo; younger half-brother of Maharani Meishō and Kaisar Go-Kōmyō. Abdicated.[125]
1120 112 Satohito
識仁 		Kaisar Reigen
霊元天皇 		1663–1687
(24 tahun)
Kanbun, Enpō, Tenna, Jōkyō 		1654–1732
(78 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Go-Sai. Abdicated.[126]
1130 113 Asahito[xxxi]
朝仁 		Kaisar Higashiyama
東山天皇 		1687–1709
(22 tahun)
Jōkyō, Genroku, Hōei 		1675–1710
(34 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Reigen. Abdicated.[127]
1140 114 Yasuhito[xxxii]
慶仁 		Kaisar Nakamikado
中御門天皇 		1709–1735
(26 tahun)
Hōei, Shōtoku, Kyōhō 		1702–1737
(35 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Higashiyama. Abdicated.[128]
1150 115 Teruhito
昭仁 		Kaisar Sakuramachi
桜町天皇 		1735–1747
(12 tahun)
Kyōhō, Genbun, Kanpō, Enkyō 		1720–1750
(30 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Nakamikado. Abdicated.[129]
1160 116 Tōhito
遐仁 		Kaisar Momozono
桃園天皇 		1747–1762
(15 tahun)
Enkyō, Kan'en, Hōreki 		1741–1762
(20 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Sakuramachi. Abdicated.[130]
1170 117 Toshiko
智子 		Maharani Go-Sakuramachi
後桜町天皇 		1762–1771
(9 tahun)
Hōreki, Meiwa 		1740–1813
(73 tahun)
Daughter of Kaisar Sakuramachi; younger sister of Kaisar Momozono.[131]
1180 118 Hidehito
英仁 		Kaisar Go-Momozono
後桃園天皇 		1771–1779
(8 tahun)
Meiwa, An'ei 		1758–1779
(21 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Momozono; nephew of Maharani Go-Sakuramachi.[132]
1190 119 Morohito
師仁 		Kaisar Kōkaku
光格天皇 		1780–1817
(37 tahun)
An'ei, Tenmei, Kansei, Kyōwa, Bunka 		1771–1840
(69 tahun)
Great-grandson of Kaisar Higashiyama; cousin and adopted son of Kaisar Go-Momozono. Abdicated.[133]
1200 120 Ayahito
恵仁 		Kaisar Ninkō
仁孝天皇 		1817–1846
(29 tahun)
Bunka, Bunsei, Tenpō, Kōka 		1800–1846
(46 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Kōkaku.[134]
1210 121 Osahito
統仁 		Kaisar Kōmei
孝明天皇 		1846–1867
(21 tahun)
Kōka, Kaei, Ansei, Man'en, Bunkyū, Genji, Keiō 		1831–1867
(35 tahun)
Son of Kaisar Ninkō. Reigned during the Bakumatsu period during which Japan ended its isolationist policy and changed from Tokugawa rule to Imperial rule. Last instance of an Kaisar with multiple era names.[135]
1220 122 Berkas:Black and white photo of Kaisar Meiji of Japan.jpg Mutsuhito
睦仁 		Kaisar Meiji
明治天皇 		3 February 1867
–
30 July 1912
(7004166130000000000♠45 tahun, 178 hari)
Keiō, Meiji 		3 November 1852
–
30 July 1912
(Aged 59)
Son of Kaisar Kōmei. Ended the Tokugawa Shogunate with the Meiji Restoration (3 January 1868). First Kaisar of the Empire of Japan.[136][137]
1230 123 Yoshihito
嘉仁 		Kaisar Taishō
大正天皇 		30 July 1912
–
25 December 1926
(7003526100000000000♠14 tahun, 148 hari)
Taishō 		31 August 1879
–
25 December 1926
(Aged 47)
Son of Kaisar Meiji. Taishō Democracy shifted political power from the genrō to the Imperial Diet and political parties. His eldest son, Crown Prince Hirohito, served as Sesshō (摂政; "Regent") from 1921 to 1926 because of Taishō's illness.[137][138]
1240 124 Hirohito
裕仁 		Kaisar Shōwa
昭和天皇 		25 December 1926
–
7 January 1989
(7004226590000000000♠62 tahun, 13 hari)
Shōwa 		29 April 1901
–
7 January 1989
(Aged 87)
Son of Kaisar Taishō. Served as Sesshō from 1921 to 1926. Last Kaisar of the Empire of Japan. Reign saw World War II and post-war economic miracle. Longest reigning verifiable Kaisar in Japanese history.[137][139]
1250 125 Akihito
明仁 		Kaisar Heisei
平成天皇 		7 January 1989
–
30 April 2019
(7004110700000000000♠30 tahun, 113 hari)
Heisei 		born 23 December 1933
(Age Kesalahan ekspresi: Kata "december" tidak dikenal.)
Son of Kaisar Shōwa. Abdicated and later referred to as Jōkō (上皇; "Kaisar Emeritus"). Longest living verifiable Kaisar.[140]
1260 126 Naruhito
徳仁 		Kaisar Reiwa
令和天皇 		1 May 2019
–
present
(7003185000000000000♠5 tahun, 23 hari)
Reiwa 		born 23 February 1960
(Age Kesalahan ekspresi: Kata "february" tidak dikenal.)
Son of Kaisar Heisei. Referred to as Kinjō Tennō (今上天皇; "the Reigning Kaisar") or Tennō Heika (天皇陛下; "His Majesty the Kaisar").[141][142]

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  38. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 37–38; Aston, 2, pp. 106–111; Brown, hlm. 263; Varley, hlm. 125–126; Nussbaum, hlm. 1057.
  39. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 38–39; Aston, 2, pp. 112–120; Brown, hlm. 263; Varley, hlm. 126; Nussbaum, hlm. 917.
  40. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 39–42; Aston, 2, pp. 121–156; Brown, hlm. 263–264; Varley, hlm. 126–129; Nussbaum, hlm. 910.
  41. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 42–43; Aston, 2, pp. 157–170; Brown, hlm. 264–265; Varley, hlm. 129–130; Nussbaum, hlm. 431.
  42. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 43–47; Aston, 2, pp. 171–194; Brown, hlm. 265–266; Varley, hlm. 130–132; Nussbaum, hlm. 543.
  43. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 47–50; Aston, 2, pp. 195–247; Brown, hlm. 266–267; Varley, hlm. 132–133; Nussbaum, hlm. 566.
  44. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 50–52; Aston, 2, pp. 248–273; Brown, hlm. 267; Varley, hlm. 133–134; Nussbaum, hlm. 807.
  45. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 52–56; Aston, 2, pp. 274–300; Brown, hlm. 268; Varley, hlm. 135; Nussbaum, hlm. 959.
  46. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 56–58; Aston, 2, p. 301ff; Brown, hlm. 268–269; Varley, hlm. 135–136; Nussbaum, hlm. 538.
  47. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 58–59; Aston, 2, pp. 301–381; Brown, hlm. 268–269; Varley, hlm. 135–136; Nussbaum, hlm. 957.
  48. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 59–60; Aston, 2, pp. 382–423; Brown, hlm. 269–270; Varley, hlm. 136–137.
  49. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 59–60; Aston, 2, pp. 382–423; Brown, hlm. 269–270; Varley, hlm. 136–137; Nussbaum, hlm. 426.
  50. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 60–63; Brown, hlm. 270–271; Varley, hlm. 137–140; Nussbaum, hlm. 655.
  51. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 63–65; Brown, hlm. 271; Varley, hlm. 140; Nussbaum, hlm. 235.
  52. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 65–67; Brown, hlm. 271–272; Varley, hlm. 140–141; Nussbaum, hlm. 240.
  53. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 67–73; Brown, hlm. 272–273; Varley, hlm. 141–143; Nussbaum, hlm. 884.
  54. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 73–75; Brown, hlm. 274–275; Varley, hlm. 143; Nussbaum, hlm. 547.
  55. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 75–78; Brown, hlm. 275; Varley, hlm. 143–144; Nussbaum, hlm. 437.
  56. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 78–81; Brown, hlm. 276; Varley, hlm. 144–147; Nussbaum, hlm. 888.
  57. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 81–85; Brown, hlm. 276–277; Varley, hlm. 147–148; Nussbaum, hlm. 557.
  58. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 86–95; Brown, hlm. 277–279; Varley, hlm. 148–150; Nussbaum, hlm. 464.
  59. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 96–97; Brown, hlm. 279–280; Varley, hlm. 151; Nussbaum, hlm. 305.
  60. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 97–102; Brown, hlm. 280–282; Varley, hlm. 151–164; Nussbaum, hlm. 804.
  61. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 103–106; Brown, hlm. 282–283; Varley, hlm. 164; Nussbaum, hlm. 437.
  62. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 106–112; Brown, hlm. 283–284; Varley, hlm. 164–165; Nussbaum, hlm. 714.
  63. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 112–115; Brown, hlm. 285–286; Varley, hlm. 165; Nussbaum, hlm. 658.
  64. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 115–121; Brown, hlm. 286–288; Varley, hlm. 166–170; Nussbaum, hlm. 837.
  65. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 121–124; Brown, hlm. 288–289; Varley, hlm. 170–171; Nussbaum, hlm. 1064.
  66. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 124–125; Brown, hlm. 289; Varley, hlm. 171–175; Nussbaum, hlm. 549.
  67. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 125–129; Brown, hlm. 289–290; Varley, hlm. 175–179; Nussbaum, hlm. 1007.
  68. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 129–134; Brown, hlm. 290–293; Varley, hlm. 179–181; Nussbaum, hlm. 138.
  69. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 134–138; Brown, hlm. 294–295; Varley, hlm. 181–183.
  70. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 139–142; Brown, hlm. 295–298; Varley, hlm. 183–190; Nussbaum, hlm. 667.
  71. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 142–143; Brown, hlm. 289; Varley, hlm. 190–191; Nussbaum, hlm. 786.
  72. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 144–148; Brown, hlm. 299–300; Varley, hlm. 191–192; Nussbaum, hlm. 182.
  73. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 148–149; Brown, hlm. 300–302; Varley, hlm. 192; Nussbaum, hlm. 501.
  74. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 150–154; Brown, hlm. 302–307; Varley, hlm. 192–195; Nussbaum, hlm. 369.
  75. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 154–155; Brown, hlm. 307; Varley, hlm. 195; Nussbaum, hlm. 818.
  76. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 156–160; Brown, hlm. 307–310; Varley, hlm. 195–196; Nussbaum, hlm. 253.
  77. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 160–162; Brown, hlm. 310–311; Varley, hlm. 197; Nussbaum, hlm. 262.
  78. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 162–166; Brown, hlm. 311–314; Varley, hlm. 197–198; Nussbaum, hlm. 258.
  79. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 166–168; Brown, hlm. 314–315; Varley, hlm. 198–199; Nussbaum, hlm. 259.
  80. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 169–171; Brown, hlm. 315–317; Varley, hlm. 199–202; Nussbaum, hlm. 872.
  81. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 172–178; Brown, hlm. 317–320; Varley, hlm. 202; Nussbaum, hlm. 352.
  82. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 178–181; Brown, hlm. 320–322; Varley, hlm. 203–204; Nussbaum, hlm. 967.
  83. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 181–185; Brown, hlm. 322–324; Varley, hlm. 204–205; Nussbaum, hlm. 917.
  84. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 186–188; Brown, hlm. 324–326; Varley, hlm. 205; Nussbaum, hlm. 559.
  85. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 188–190; Brown, hlm. 326–327; Varley, hlm. 205–208; Nussbaum, hlm. 261.
  86. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 191–194; Brown, hlm. 327–329; Varley, hlm. 208–212; Nussbaum, hlm. 712.
  87. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 194–195; Brown, hlm. 329–330; Varley, hlm. 212; Nussbaum, hlm. 794.
  88. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 194–195; Brown, hlm. 329–330; Varley, hlm. 212; Nussbaum, hlm. 933.
  89. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 200–207; Brown, hlm. 333–334; Varley, hlm. 214–215; Nussbaum, hlm. 33.
  90. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 207–221; Brown, hlm. 334–339; Varley, hlm. 215–220; Nussbaum, hlm. 263.
  91. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 221–230; Brown, hlm. 339–341; Varley, hlm. 220; Nussbaum, hlm. 998.
  92. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 230–238; Brown, hlm. 341–343; Varley, hlm. 221–223.
  93. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 236–238; Brown, hlm. 343–344; Varley, hlm. 223–226; Nussbaum, hlm. 128.
  94. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 238–241; Brown, hlm. 344–349; Varley, hlm. 226–227; Nussbaum, hlm. 252.
  95. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 242–245; Varley, hlm. 227; Nussbaum, hlm. 856.
  96. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 245–247; Varley, hlm. 228–231; Nussbaum, hlm. 259.
  97. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 248–253; Varley, hlm. 231–232; Nussbaum, hlm. 252.
  98. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 232–233; Varley, hlm. 253–261; Nussbaum, hlm. 461.
  99. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 233–237; Varley, hlm. 262–269; Nussbaum, hlm. 265.
  100. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 237–238; Varley, hlm. 269–274; Nussbaum, hlm. 252.
  101. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 274–275; Varley, hlm. 238–239; Nussbaum, hlm. 252.
  102. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 275–278; Varley, hlm. 239; Nussbaum, hlm. 257.
  103. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 281–286, 278–281; Varley, hlm. 239–241; Nussbaum, hlm. 285.
  104. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 281–286, 290–294; Varley, hlm. 241–269; Nussbaum, hlm. 251.
  105. ^ Varley, hlm. 269–270; Nussbaum, hlm. 257.
  106. ^ Nussbaum, Chōkei Tennō, p. 120.
  107. ^ Nussbaum, "Go-Kameyama Tennō", pp. 253–255.
  108. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 286–289; Nussbaum, hlm. 344, 543.
  109. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 294–298; Nussbaum, hlm. 555.
  110. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 298–301; Nussbaum, hlm. 911.
  111. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 302–309; Nussbaum, hlm. 255.
  112. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 310–316; Nussbaum, hlm. 251.
  113. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 317–327.
  114. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 317–327; Nussbaum, hlm. 555.
  115. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 327–331; Nussbaum, hlm. 883.
  116. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 331–351; Nussbaum, hlm. 252.
  117. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 352–364; Nussbaum, hlm. 265.
  118. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 364–372.
  119. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 372–382; Nussbaum, hlm. 257.
  120. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 382–402; Nussbaum, hlm. 739.
  121. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 402–409; Nussbaum, hlm. 265.
  122. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 410–411; Nussbaum, hlm. 256.
  123. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 411–412; Nussbaum, hlm. 625.
  124. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 412–413; Nussbaum, hlm. 256.
  125. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 413.
  126. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 414–415; Nussbaum, hlm. 785.
  127. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 415–416; Nussbaum, hlm. 310.
  128. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 416–417; Nussbaum, hlm. 690.
  129. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 417–418; Nussbaum, hlm. 814.
  130. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 418–419; Nussbaum, hlm. 656.
  131. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 419.
  132. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 419–420; Nussbaum, hlm. 257.
  133. ^ Titsingh, hlm. 420–421; Nussbaum, hlm. 546.
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  135. ^ Nussbaum, "Kōmei Tennō", p. 553.
  136. ^ Nussbaum, "Meiji Tennō", p. 624.
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  139. ^ Nussbaum, "Hirohito", p. 318.
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  • Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982). Lessons from History: the 'Tokushi yoron'. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702214851; OCLC 157026188
  • Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
  • Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842
  • l
  • b
  • s
  1. Jimmu
  2. Suizei
  3. Annei
  4. Itoku
  5. Kōshō
  6. Kōan
  7. Kōrei
  8. Kōgen
  9. Kaika
  10. Sujin
  11. Suinin
  12. Keikō
  13. Seimu
  14. Chūai
  15. Ōjin
  16. Nintoku
  17. Richū
  18. Hanzei
  19. Ingyō
  20. Ankō
  21. Yūryaku
  22. Seinei
  23. Kenzō
  24. Ninken
  25. Buretsu
  26. Keitai
  27. Ankan
  28. Senka
  29. Kimmei
  30. Bidatsu
  31. Yōmei
  32. Sushun
  33. Suiko ♀
  34. Jomei
  35. Kōgyoku ♀
  36. Kōtoku
  37. Saimei ♀
  38. Tenji
  39. Kōbun
  40. Tenmu
  41. Jitō ♀
  42. Mommu
  43. Genmei ♀
  44. Genshō ♀
  45. Shōmu
  46. Kōken ♀
  47. Junnin
  48. Shōtoku ♀
  49. Kōnin
  50. Kammu
  51. Heizei
  52. Saga
  53. Junna
  54. Nimmyō
  55. Montoku
  56. Seiwa
  57. Yōzei
  58. Kōkō
  59. Uda
  60. Daigo
  61. Suzaku
  62. Murakami
  63. Reizei
  64. En-yū
  65. Kazan
  66. Ichijō
  67. Sanjō
  68. Go-Ichijō
  69. Go-Suzaku
  70. Go-Reizei
  71. Go-Sanjō
  72. Shirakawa
  73. Horikawa
  74. Toba
  75. Sutoku
  76. Konoe
  77. Go-Shirakawa
  78. Nijō
  79. Rokujō
  80. Takakura
  81. Antoku
  82. Go-Toba
  83. Tsuchimikado
  84. Juntoku
  85. Chūkyō
  86. Go-Horikawa
  87. Shijō
  88. Go-Saga
  89. Go-Fukakusa
  90. Kameyama
  91. Go-Uda
  92. Fushimi
  93. Go-Fushimi
  94. Go-Nijō
  95. Hanazono
  96. Go-Daigo
  97. Go-Murakami
  98. Chōkei
  99. Go-Kameyama
  100. Go-Komatsu
    Dinasti Utara
    1. Kōgon
    2. Kōmyō
    3. Sukō
    4. Go-Kōgon
    5. Goen-yū
    6. Go-Komatsu
  101. Shōkō
  102. Go-Hanazono
  103. Go-Tsuchimikado
  104. Go-Kashiwabara
  105. Go-Nara
  106. Ōgimachi
  107. Go-Yōzei
  108. Go-Mizunoo
  109. Meishō ♀
  110. Go-Kōmyō
  111. Go-Sai
  112. Reigen
  113. Higashiyama
  114. Nakamikado
  115. Sakuramachi
  116. Momozono
  117. Go-Sakuramachi ♀
  118. Go-Momozono
  119. Kōkaku
  120. Ninkō
  121. Kōmei
  122. Meiji
  123. Taishō
  124. Shōwa
  125. Heisei
  126. Reiwa
♀ Maharani


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